ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ Федеральный Центр
Сердечно-Сосудистой Хирургии МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (Г. Астрахань)

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Endoscopy

Endoscopic examinations are highly informative methods of diagnostics of diseases of upper and lower parts of gastrointestinal tract and respiratory organs. These methods of research allow to visually assess the state of the mucous membrane of the cavity organs, to confirm the presence of a tumour of the gastrointestinal tract, to carry out differential diagnosis between tumour and non-tumour disease, to determine the location, boundaries of the defect, size, anatomical type of tumour growth. Investigations allow to carry out material sampling for morphological study of various formations on the mucosa, to carry out its staining, for better identification of the process prevalence. Diagnostic methods: esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy (COL), bronchoscopy (BAL), transesophageal gastrostomy, puncture-dilatation tracheostomy.

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When have to do

EGD is recommended in cases of esophageal disease, especially if there are symptoms of difficulty in swallowing and passage of food through the esophagus, belching, heartburn, any abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, anaemia and many others;

Suspicion of bleeding from the esophagus, stomach and duodenum;

EGD is carried out in cases of differential diagnosis in diseases directly related to the stomach and duodenum (allergies, neurosis).

Diseases of the stomach (peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, chronic gastritis, suspected gastric cancer), functional diseases of the stomach and organs of the pancreato-biliary system;

Examinations in preparation for heavy and extensive operations for diseases of other organs and systems of the body (e.g. heart operations) to exclude contraindications;

Advantages

Possibility to perform the study (EGD) under general anaesthesia (intravenous anaesthesia), which saves the patient from unpleasant sensations.
Detection of hidden inflammatory processes.
High-quality cleaning and high-level disinfection of endoscopes after the study. It is carried out with the help of automatic washing machines of ‘Olimpus’ company, which excludes the human factor.
Assessment of existing pathological processes on the part of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, detection of neoplasms of various nature at an early stage of development.
The possibility of taking biomaterial from the affected mucosa for further study (biopsy, helicobacter pylori-test).

Method of implementation

All endoscopic examinations and manipulations are carried out strictly on an empty stomach. Most often, the study is carried out in the position of the patient on the left side. A special mouthpiece is placed in the patient's mouth, through which the doctor in the lumen of the oropharynx conducts a gastroscope, the patient is asked to take a sip, during which the doctor introduces the gastroscope into the esophagus and further. Despite the fact that the device is conducted through the throat, nothing interferes with breathing, as the airways remain free. The study is relatively safe, painless, but due to the pressure of the apparatus on the root of the tongue, may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations. During the examination, the doctor examines the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. For a
detailed examination of the mucosa, the organs are spread with air. If necessary, the examinations are supplemented by taking biopsies, testing for Helicobacter pylori, injection of special dyes (chromoscopy), NBI examination. If necessary or at your request, the examination can be recorded on digital or analogue media. On average, the examination takes from 2 to 5-7 minutes. The duration may increase if special examination techniques are required. After the examination it is not recommended to drink and eat for 30-60 minutes (until the anaesthetics wear off). The first meal should be small and easy to digest (porridge, yoghurt, etc.). After another 30-60 minutes you can have a full meal (without overeating). If you have had a biopsy, the food you eat on the day of the test should not be hot and coarse.

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Our doctors

Kovalenchenko Olga Nikolaevna

Head of Department - endoscopist